Oncology Certified Nurse (OCN) Nursing Practice Test

What is the principal toxicity associated with vincristine?

1. Bone marrow suppression

2. Nausea and vomiting

3. Peripheral neuropathy

4. Hepatotoxicity

The correct answer is: Peripheral neuropathy

Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic agent that primarily targets rapidly dividing cancer cells. Its main mechanism involves disrupting microtubule formation, which is essential for mitosis. This action leads to a range of side effects, but one of the most prominent and clinically significant toxicities associated with vincristine is peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy occurs because vincristine preferentially affects the peripheral nerves due to its affinity for the nerve fibers, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain, particularly in the hands and feet. This toxicity can be dose-limiting and significantly impacts the patient's quality of life. While other side effects can occur with vincristine treatment, such as nausea and vomiting or even mild bone marrow suppression, they are not as characteristic or significant as the peripheral neuropathy associated with this drug. Hepatotoxicity is also not a primary concern with vincristine compared to the notable impact of peripheral nerve damage. Hence, recognizing and managing peripheral neuropathy is crucial in patients receiving vincristine therapy.